Liquid-fuel burner



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(No'Model.)

A. H. CALKINS. LIQUID FUEL BURNER.l

Patented Sept. 30, 1890.-

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'Patented Sept A. H. GALKINS. lLIQUID FUEL BURNER.

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UNrTED STATES! PATENT i OFFICE.

ALMON H. CALKINS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 437,354, dated September 30, 1890.` Aplication led March 6, 1888. Renewed February 3, 1890. Serial No.338,979. (No model.) Y

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that l, ALMoN H. CALKrNs, of

Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form apart of this specification.

This invention relates to an improved burning apparatus for liquid fuel of that kind adapted to vaporize or convert into gaseous form a liquid fuelandto burn the vapor or gas.

The invention consists in the matters here.- inafter described, and pointed out in the appended claims.

The invention relates more particularly to liquid-fuel-burning apparatus of the character set forth in a separate application for patent filed simultaneously herewith. In said separate application I have shown and described an oil-burnin g apparatus wherein the oil is fed into an exceedingly narrow space between two inet-al plates, wherein the oil is vaporized or converted into gas, the resulting vapor or gas being burned as it issues from a narrow slot or exit-opening at a margin or margins of the plates.

The present invention embraces certain novel details of construction in burners embracing the main features of construction above set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, Figure lis a central vertical section of a fire-place burner embodying the main features of the invention. Fig. 2 is a plan section thereof, taken upon line 2 2 of is a section of a tire-place burner differing somewhat from that shown in Figs. l and 2. Fig. 4 is a horizontal plan section taken upon l'ine 44 of Fig. 3. Fig, 5 is a view in central vertical section of a burner embodying the same main features of construction but differing in form from those shown in Figs. l and 2, said burner being illustrated in Fig. 5 as applied to a cook- Stove. Fig. 6 illustrates in central vertical section a burner differing somewhat from that shown in Fig. 5, the burner being shown as applied to a tire-place.'

As illustrated in Figs. l and 2,'the burner proper comprises two parallel plates A B, ar-

ranged with their adjacent surfaces veryv nearly but not quite in contact, so that lthe oil fed between the same will be spreadout into a very thin film and will be rapidly and quickly vaporized and converted into gas by the heat of the plates, which plates are maintained at a high temperature by the passage over them of the ames of the burning gas, as will hereinafter appear. The said plates in the particular form of apparatus shown in said Figs. l and 2 have the general form of a half-cylinder arranged with its axial line horizontal, and located in the tire-place in such manner as to extend from side to side thereof with its convex side outwardly. The inner plate or wall A is desirably extended below the outer wall or plate B, and is arranged to reach to the bottom of the fire-place, the top and bottom edges of said plate A being delower part parallel walls or ilanges A2v A2,

I have herein shown forming continuations of the ilanges A( A',

reaching to the bottom of the tire-place, so as to form feet or supporting-standards for the plate. cured to the outer face of the plate A, a tight joint being formed between said plates at the top and side margins of the latter by means The plate B is in this instance se-v of an inter-fitting tongue and groove d b, Figs. f

Vl and 2, between which may be placed cement or other suitable material.

Across the upper margin of the plates A y and B is formed a transverse horizontal pas,- sage B', which communicates with the space between the said plates, and to which is connected an oil-supply pipe B2. The oil delivered to said passage B from the supply-pipe passes downward through the narrow space between the plates A and B and isvaporized therein, and makes its escape and .is burned IOO at the horizontal slot or opening a at the Y lower margin of the exterior plate B. The flames rising from the gas issuing from said openin g a pass upwardly and in contact with the plate B, while the products of combustion make their exit through the smoke flue or chimney of the fire-place. The plate B is desirably extended to a point near the lower edge of the plate A, so as to bring the slot a beneath the overhanging part of the plates. Bythis construction the flames are caused to pass over the plates A and B in close contact therewith, thus insuring that the plates will be retained at a high temperature during the operation of the burner.

For the purpose of retaining any solid impurities which may be contained in the oil and prevent the same from passing into and clogging the nari ow space between the plates the lower wall of the passage B is shaped in l such manner as to form a trough or depresescape of sediment and impurities therefrom.

C is a trough or receptacle for receiving any oil which may escape from between the plates A and B before the same become heated. Said trough is herein shown as made in an integral casting with vertical end walls C C and an inclined front wall O3, said walls being arranged to sustain the trough considerably above the bottom of the fire-place. The said parts C C C are adapted to be inserted in the fire-place in such manner as to fill the lower part thereof below the overhangin g portions A and B. When this construction is used, the front plate C3 will be provided with air-openings c c, by whichL air for supporting combustion may pass inwardly beneath the trough and around the rear edge of the trough to the point of ignition.

In starting the burner the oil admitted between the iiames will iiow from the opening a into the trough C, where it will be ignited for the purpose of heating the plates. As soon as the same are heated and vaporization begins, vapor or gas will issue from the opening a', and will continue to burn as it issues from said opening in such manner as to maintain a broad sheet of flame over the surface of the outer plate B. Such broad sheet of iiame, together with the heated plates,will give out a large quantity of heat, while the body of ame will give a bright and cheerful appearance to the fireplace,resembling a wood re.

In Figs. 3 and 4 I have shown a construction in a burner generally similar to that shown in Fig. l, but in which the oil is fed to the bottom instead of at the top of the burner. The burner in this case comprises three l plates D, E, and F, the plate E being arranged between the said plates D and F,but at a very short distance therefrom. In this instance the oil is fed to the bottom of the space between two of said plates and passes upwardly around the upper edge of the intermediate plate, and the vapor or gas is burned when making its exit from between the intermediate plate and the third plate. The oil-supply pipe D2 communicates with a transverse horizontal oil-passage D', formed between the plates D and E near their lower margins and extending the full width of the same. The plate D, which has the form of a cylindric segment, extends downwardly to the trough D and is provided with an upwardlydeiiected part or extension D3, inclined upwardlyand rearwardly. The plateE is of the same general shape as the plate D, at its lower end being provided with an upwardly-extending part E', reaching to the top of the partD of the plate D. The inner plate F is provided with an upwardly-extending part F parallel with the part E of the plate E and arranged at the rear of and parallel with the said part D3, the parts F and F2 forming a U-shaped wall inclosing the said parts E and D3of the plates D and E. From the lower margin of the part F2 the plate F is' continued downwardly in a curved part F3 to the bottom of the tire-place. A narrow exit-openingf, for the escape of vapor or gas and at which th'e same is burned, is formed between the lower margins of the parts o r plates D3 and F2, and between the outlet-slot f at a point considerably abovev said slot.

In the operation of this device oil fed to the passage D will rise in the space between the plates D and E and E and D3 until it reaches the top of the plate D3, when if not vaporized it will overflow into the space between said plate and the plate F2 and make its escape at the opening f into a trough G beneath it. I-n practice, however, as soon as the plate D is heated the oil rising between said plates D and E will be vaporized, and the vapor will pass around the upper edge of the plate E, then downwardly through the space between said plates E and F, and will pass around the plates E and D3 and make its escape at the opening f, where it will be burned. The oil held lwithin the passages D and d will prevent the vapor from taking a direct course to the outlet-opening without passing between the plates.

The wall or plate F is shown in the drawings as cast integral with a flange F4 at the ends of its upper part and with flanges F5 F3, which serve as supporting-standards'for said plate. Said plate F is shown as terminated at a point somewhat distant' from the rear wall of the fireplace, and the plate D is extended upwardly past the said plate F and arranged with its rear edge in contact with the rear wall of the iire-place.

G is an oil-receptacle, arranged and supported in the same manner as the receptacle C. (Shown in Figs. l and 2.)

The gas produced owing from the exitopening, afterhaving passed in a thin film between the highly-heated plates, is supposed IOO IIO

to be permanent in its character; or, if not permanent, it will usually be suflicien tly Xed or non-condensable to enable it to be led away from the `generating-burner and burned for illuminating or heating purposes at other burners. In an apparatus made as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, for instance, a pipe E3 may be connected with a passage or chamber e, communicating with the space between the plates near the exit-opening, and such pipe may be led to an illuminating or heating burner.

In Fig. 5 is shown a burner containing the same features of two parallel plates and a feed-passage at the lower part of the burner as are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but in which both plates are tubular, so that the vapor or gas passes entirely around the burner between the walls or plates thereof before it reaches the slot or opening at which it is ignited. In this instance H is the outer and I the inner plate of the burner. The said plates are shown in said figure as being cylindricin shape; but they may be of other form in crosssection. At the bottom'of the burner an oilfeeding passage H is formed between the plates H and I by means of a V-shaped depression in the outer plate. With said passage communicates an oil-supply pipe H2,

Vshown in the drawings as passing through the interior space of the burner. The oil-passage H is also desirably provided with a valved outlet-pipe H3, by means of which impurities and sedimentary matter deposited in said passage may be discharged. At one side of the trough H the tubular plate H is extended upwardly for some distance above the trough, as indicated at h, and there terminates. The marginal part of said plate at the opposite end thereof is bent downwardly, as indicated at h', the downwardly-bent part being parallel with the adjacent wall of the passage H. An outlet-opening h2, for the gas generated between the plates, is formed between the walls of said passage H and the downturned part h of said plate at the lower margin of said part h. The upwardly-extending marginal part h of the plate H extends above the adjacent main part of the `Wplate I, and the latter plate is provided with an upwardly-extending part I', of U shape in cross-section, surrounding the marginal part h of the plate H, in the manner clearly shown in the drawings. The part h of the plate H, together with the part I of the wall I, forms a passage h3, extending upwardly from the oilsupply passage and opening into the main vaporizingvand heating space of the burner near the exit-slot thereof.

The burner constructed in the manner described is herein shown as located within the iire-box of a cooking-stove and as supported in place by means of lugs h4 upon the plate H and as secured to the rear wall of the tireboX.

In the operation of the burner the oil fed to the passage H rises in the space between the plates H and I until it overiiows the upwardly-extending part h ofthe plate H, and a small` portion thereof iows out through the opening h3 into a trough or receptacle placed below it, in which the oil is ignited for the purpose of heating the said plates Hand I. As soon as the temperature of the said plates has been raised sufciently to vaporize the oil between them the vapor rises between the plates entirely around the burner, passing out Vof the said opening h3,where it is burned.

Any passage of the vapor directly from the passage H to the said exit-opening through the passage h3,inc1osed by the part h and wall I', will be prevented by the oil which fills the said passages H and h3.

l It is obviously not essential that a burner constructed, generally, as shown in Fig.' 5 should have the form of a complete cylinder,

and it may be provided with one or more dat sides, or may be of irregular shape, according to its particular use or the place in which it is located. The dotted lines I2 in said Fig. 5 illustrate one form which the burner may be given for the purpose of fitting it against the rear wall of a stove fire-box or of a ireplace.

In Fig. 6 I'have shown a cylindric burner comprising inner and outer cylindric walls J and K, having a space between them, in which the oil fed to said space is changed to a vaporous or gaseous form, in the same manner as before described. In this instance, however, anair-passage is provided adapted for supplying air to both sides of the flame of the burner. As shown in said Fig. 6, K is the oil-feeding passage located at the lower part of the burner, and K2 'an oil-pipe supplying the same. K3 is a cylindric air-chamber arranged at the rear of said passage K', said chamber having openings 7c at its ends for the admission of air to the chamber. The inner wall J is continuous and provided with a part J ,arranged parallel with the upper and front walls of the chamber K3. The' rear margin of the outer wall K is separate from the-inner wall J and passes downwardly at the rear IIO of the chamber K3 and terminating near the bottom of said chamber, the exit-opening lo for gas being located between the depending marginal part k3 of the chamber K3. Adjacent to the opening k is located a series of air holes or slots k3, through which air entering the ends of the chamber K3 may pass to the iiame produced by the burning gas issuing from the said opening or slot la.

In the construction shownin said Fig. 6 the chamber K3 as a whole performs the function of the upwardly-extending part h, (shown in- Fig. 5,)-that is to say, it forms with the part J of the inner wall J an upwardly-extending passage or spacej at the rear of the' passage K for holding a quantity of oil to prevent the pending liange K4 and at its ends with vertical flanges K5 K5, said flanges K4 and K5 reaching to the bottom of the fire-place and serving to support the main parts of the burner.

L is a trough constructed like the trough O (shown in Fig. l) and located beneath the exitopening k', for catching any oil which may escape from said opening. 4

I claim as my inventionl. A burner for converting liquid fuel into gas and burning the same, comprising two or,

more parallel plates placed nearly in contact and providedwith a narrow horizontal exit slot or opening at their lower edges, at which the vapor or gas is burned, and with a horizontal oil-supply passage communicating with the space between the plates at the sides of the same opposite said exit-opening, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a lire-place and smoke-flue, of a burner comprising two or more parallel plates placed nearly in contact with each other and provided with a narrow horizontal eXit slot or opening at their lower edges, and with a horizontal oil-supply passage communicating with the space between the plates at the sides of the same opposite said exit-opening, said plates being provided with outwardly-curved or convex parts located between the exit-opening and the said smoke-flue, substantially as described.

A burner for converting liquid fuel into gas and burning the same, comprising two or more parallel plates located nearly in contact with each other and provided at their lower parts with a horizontal exit slot or opening, at which the gas is burned, and with a horizontal oil-supplyl passage located at the lower parts of the plates and communicating by means of a narrow passage with the upper margin of the same, said oil-supply passage being also connected with the narrowv space between the plates near said exit-opening by means of a passage extending upwardly from the said oil-supply passage, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses. Y ALMON H. CALKINS.

YVitness'es:

' C. CLARENCE POOLE, LILLA NEWTON. 

